Carcinomatosis peritoneal en cáncer de pulmón: revisión de la literatura con reporte de caso / Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in Lung Cancer: Literature Review with a Case Report

En Colombia, para 2020, el cáncer de pulmón se reportó como la segunda neoplasia con mayor incidencia y la primera con mayor tasa de mortalidad según las cifras del minis-terio de salud de Colombia. El compromiso peritoneal en el cáncer de pulmón es algo extremadamente raro, se considera <1%. A continuación, exponemos un caso de car-cinomatosis peritoneal en cáncer de pulmón en un hospital en la ciudad de Bogotá. Se incorpora una posterior revisión descriptiva de la literatura de los casos clínicos de car-cinomatosis peritoneal en cáncer de pulmón reportados en la literatura mundial en los últimos 20 años, con el objetivo de resumir las principales características de estos pa-cientes que permiten plantear hipótesis de su enfoque terapéutico y pronóstico

In Colombia for 2020, lung cancer was reported as the fifth neoplasm with the highest incidence and the second with the highest mortality rate. Peritoneal involvement in lung cancer is extremely rare, it is considered <1%. Next, we present a case of peritoneal car-cinomatosis in lung cancer in Bogotá, with a subsequent literature review of the litera-ture of clinical cases of peritoneal carcinomatosis in lung cancer reported in the world li-terature in the last 20 years. The aim is to summarize the main characteristics of these patients that allow to hypothesize their prognostic and therapeutic approach

Safety evaluation of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients with local advanced gastric cancer after radical resection for prevention of peritoneal metastasis / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: Patients with advanced gastric cancer have a poor prognosis and a possibility of peritoneal metastasis even if receiving gastrectomy. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) can effectively kill free cancer cells or small lesions in the abdominal cavity. At present, preventive HIPEC still lacks safety evaluation in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. This study aims to explore the safety of radical resection combined with HIPEC in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. Methods: A descriptive case series study was carried out. Clinicopathological data of 130 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer who underwent radical resection + HIPEC at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2020 to February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Inclusion criteria: (1) locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma confirmed by postoperative pathology; (2) no distant metastasis was found before surgery; (3) radical resection; (4) at least one HIPEC treatment was performed. Exclusion criteria: (1) incomplete clinicopathological data; (2) tumor metastasis was found during operation; (3) concomitant with other tumors. HIPEC method: all the patients received the first HIPEC immediately after D2 radical resection, and returned to the ward after waking up from anesthesia; the second and the third HIPEC were carried out according to the patient's postoperative recovery and tolerance; interval between two HIPEC treatments was 48 h. Observation indicators: (1) basic information, including gender, age, body mass index, etc.; (2) treatment status; (3) perioperative adverse events: based on the standard of common adverse events published by the US Department of Health and Public Health (CTCAE 5.0), the adverse events of grade 2 and above during the treatment period were recorded, including hypoalbuminemia, bone marrow cell reduction, wound complications, abdominal infection, lung infection, gastroparesis, anemia, postoperative bleeding, anastomotic leakage, intestinal obstruction, pleural effusion, abdominal distension, impaired liver function, and finally a senior professional title chief physician reviewed the above adverse events and made a safety evaluation of the patient; (4) association between times of HIPEC treatment and adverse events in perioperative period; (5) analysis of risk factors for adverse events in perioperative period. Results: Among the 130 patients, 79 were males and 51 were females with a median age of 59 (54, 66) years and an average body mass index of (23.9±7.4) kg/m(2). The tumor size was (5.4±3.0) cm and 100 patients (76.9%) had nerve invasion. All the 130 patients received radical resection + HIPEC and 125 (96.2%) patients underwent laparoscopic surgery. The mean operative time was (345.6±52.3) min and intraoperative blood loss was (82.0±36.5) ml. One HIPEC treatment was performed in 54 patients (41.5%), 2 HIPEC treatments were in 57 (43.8%), and 3 HIPEC treatments were in 19 (14.6%). The average postoperative hospital stay was (13.1±7.5) d. A total of 57 patients (43.8%) had 71 cases of postoperative complications of different degrees. Among them, the incidence of hypoalbuminemia was 22.3% (29/130), and the grade 2 and above anemia was 15.4% (20/130), lung infection was 3.8% (5/130), bone marrow cell suppression was 3.7% (4/130), abdominal cavity infection was 2.3% (3/130), and liver damage was 2.3% (3/130), wound complications was 1.5% (2/130), abdominal distension was 1.5% (2/130), anastomotic leakage was 0.8% (1/130), gastroparesis was 0.8% (1/130) and intestinal obstruction was 0.8% (1/130), etc. These adverse events were all improved by conservative treatments. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of adverse events during the perioperative period among patients undergoing 1, 2, and 3 times of HIPEC treatments (all P>0.05). Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses showed that age > 60 years (OR: 2.346, 95%CI: 1.069-5.150, P=0.034) and neurological invasion (OR: 2.992, 95%CI: 1.050-8.523, P=0.040) were independent risk factors for adverse events in locally advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing radical resection+HIPEC (both P<0.05). Conclusions: Radical surgery + HIPEC does not significantly increase the incidence of perioperative complications in patients with advanced gastric cancer. The age >60 years and nerve invasion are independent risk factors for adverse events in these patients.

Strategies and challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer peritoneal metastasis / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Peritoneum is a common metastatic site of colorectal cancer and has worse prognosis compared with other metastatic sites. Peritoneal metastasis was previously considered as a terminal state of the disease, and palliative treatment with systemic chemotherapy was the main treatment method. With the gradual acceptance of the cytoreductive surgery (CRS) + hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) treatment model by surgeons and the application of targeted and immunotherapeutic drugs, the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer peritoneal metastasis has been greatly improved. However, the diagnosis and treatment of peritoneal metastasis still face many challenges and controversies. Based on the evolution of the understanding of colorectal cancer peritoneal metastasis, the possible mechanisms of peritoneal metastasis are discussed, including the theory of "oligometastases" and the theory of "seed and soil". Besides, we further investigate the diagnosis and treatment strategies of colorectal cancer peritoneal metastasis and the facing challenges, including the limitations of imaging examination, the controversy of laparoscopic exploration, the difficulty in assessing peritoneal metastatic load, the limited means of postoperative recurrence monitoring and efficacy evaluation, and the significant variation in the diagnosis and treatment level among different regions of China. Meanwhile, we emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary perioperative management of CRS+HIPEC, and propose that the basic and clinical transformation research of peritoneal metastasis should be strengthened, and the promotion of standardized diagnosis and treatment of peritoneal metastasis is the key to improve the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer peritoneal metastasis.

Current status of diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Peritoneal metastasis is the most common distant metastasis of gastric cancer. As an end-stage event of gastric cancer, patients with peritoneal metastasis often have lost the chance of radical resection, and even after palliative surgical resection, the long-term outcomes are still not satisfactory. In recent years, with the application and promotion of laparoscopic technology, neoadjuvant intraperitoneal and systemic chemotherapy, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery, through perioperative comprehensive treatment strategies by multidisciplinary team, the quality of life and survival of patients with peritoneal metastasis have been significantly improved. Some patients with gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis diagnosed by laparoscopy even get the opportunity to have radical cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy after neoadjuvant intraperitoneal and systemic chemotherapy. Taking into account the progress in the treatment of gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis in recent years, this article intends to combine current clinical evidence and to discuss the key issues in the course of clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer peritoneal implantation and metastasis, including the imaging diagnosis of peritoneal metastasis, laparoscopic examination, evaluation of peritoneal metastasis and comprehensive treatment plan.

Sítio Metastático Incomum - Metástases Peritoneais em Melanoma Maligno: Relato de Caso / Unusual Metastatic Site - Peritoneal Metastasis in Malignant Melanoma: Case Report / Sitio Metastásico Raro - Metástasis Peritoneales en Melanoma Maligno: Reporte de Caso

Introdução: O melanoma cutâneo é um tumor com grande capacidade de metastização. Um dos quadros possíveis, mas bastante raro, é quando a metástase se aloja em peritônio (carcinomatose peritoneal). Relato do caso: Paciente feminina, 61 anos, encaminhada por massa inguinal esquerda suspeita e lesão hipercrômica de 2 cm, com área de regressão em membro inferior esquerdo. A paciente foi submetida à linfadenectomia inguinal esquerda e ressecção da lesão de pele, que evidenciou melanoma maligno cutâneo extensivo superficial invasor, de espessura de Breslow 1,2 mm, e nível de Clark II, bem como metástase linfonodal. O tratamento adjuvante incluiu radioterapia e quimioterapia. Durante follow-up, oito meses depois, ultrassonografia e tomografia computadorizada de abdome evidenciaram imagem nodular sólida hipoecoica, heterogênea e bosselada, mal definida e mal delimitada em projeção para-aórtica à esquerda, com 12,7x6,7x4,8 cm. Em laparotomia exploradora, encontrou-se massa volumosa retroperitoneal em flanco esquerdo, com envolvimento do ângulo de Treitz e presença de carcinomatose peritoneal. O laudo anatomopatológico evidenciou neoplasia maligna pouco diferenciada epitelioide infiltrativa, compatível com história clínica de melanoma. A paciente evoluiu a óbito após consulta com oncologia clínica. Conclusão:Existem poucos casos de metástase peritoneal de melanoma relatados na literatura. Contudo, deve-se levar em consideração sua possibilidade de ocorrência e as opções terapêuticas disponíveis, além de também compreender seu impacto no prognóstico do paciente. Apesar de rara, a carcinomatose peritoneal deve ser considerada quando pacientes com histórico pessoal de melanoma apresentarem queixas abdominais inespecíficas, como a paciente do caso relatado.

Introduction: Cutaneous melanoma is a tumor with great capacity for metastasis. One of the possible but quite rare scenarios is when the metastasis is lodged in the peritoneum (peritoneal carcinomatosis). Case report:61-year-old female patient, referred by a suspected left inguinal mass and 2 cm hyperchromic lesion, with regression area in the left lower limb. The patient underwent left inguinal lymphadenectomy and resection of the skin lesion, which revealed invasive extensive superficial cutaneous malignant melanoma, Breslow depth 1.2 mm and Clark II level, as well as lymph node metastasis. Adjuvant treatment included radiotherapy and chemotherapy. During follow-up, 8 months later, abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography showed hypoechoic, heterogeneous, and beveled solid nodular image, poorly defined and delimited in left para-aortic projection, with 12.7x6.7x4.8 cm. In exploratory laparotomy, a large retroperitoneal mass was found on the left flank, involving the Treitz angle, and revealed the presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis. The anatomopathological report showed a poorly differentiated malignant infiltrative epithelioid neoplasm, compatible with the clinical history of melanoma. The patient died after consultation with clinical oncology. Conclusion: There are few cases of peritoneal metastasis of melanoma reported in the literature. However, its possibility of occurrence and the therapeutic options available must be taken into account, in addition to understanding its impact on the patient's prognosis. Although rare, peritoneal carcinomatosis should be considered when patients with a personal history of melanoma have non-specific abdominal complaints, such as the patient in the case reported.

Introducción: El melanoma cutáneo es un tumor con gran capacidad de metástasis. Una de las situaciones posibles, pero bastante rara, es cuando la metástasis se aloja en el peritoneo. Relato del caso: paciente femenina de 61 años, remitida por sospecha de masa inguinal izquierda y lesión hipercrómica de 2 cm, con área de regresión, en miembro inferior izquierdo. La paciente fue sometida a linfadenectomía inguinal izquierda y resección de la lesión cutánea, que demonstró melanoma maligno cutáneo superficial extenso invasivo, Breslow 1,2 mm y nivel de Clark II, así como metástasis ganglionares. El tratamiento adyuvante incluyó radioterapia y quimioterapia. Durante el seguimiento, 8 meses después, la ecografía y la tomografía computarizada de abdomen mostraron una imagen nodular sólida hipoecoica, heterogénea y biselada, mal definida y delimitada en proyección para-aórtica izquierda, con 12,7x6,7x4,8 cm. En la laparotomía exploradora se encontró una gran masa retroperitoneal en el flanco izquierdo, involucrando el ángulo de Treitz y presencia de carcinomatosis peritoneal. El informe anatomopatológico mostró una neoplasia epitelioide infiltrativa maligna mal diferenciada, compatible con la historia clínica de melanoma. El paciente falleció tras consulta con oncología clínica. Conclusión: Hay pocos casos de metástasis peritoneal de melanoma reportados en la literatura. Sin embargo, se debe tener en cuenta su posibilidad de ocurrencia y las opciones terapéuticas disponibles, además de comprender su impacto en el pronóstico del paciente. Aunque es poco común, la carcinomatosis peritoneal debe considerarse cuando los pacientes con antecedentes personales de melanoma tienen molestias abdominales inespecíficas, como la paciente del caso.

Peritoneal carcinomatosis treated with cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy / Carcinomatose peritoneal tratada com cirurgia citoreductiva e quimioterapia intraperitoneal

ABSTRACT Introduction: To evaluate the combined treatment with cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis arising from colorectal cancer, pseudomyxoma peritonei and mesothelioma. Methods: Data were obtained from 73 patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis arising from colorectal cancer (52.1%), pseudomyxoma peritonei (41.1%) or mesothelioma (6.8%) between 2002 and 2011. We reported the morbidity grade (II, III and IV), mortality and survival rates of the candidates after cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Results: 41 (56.2%) women participated, and the median age was 50 years. Thirty-nine patients (53.4%) underwent complete cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Patients who underwent a complete cytoreduction received intraperitoneal chemotherapy with mitomycin C, from which only 16/39 (41%) had hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (41-42 °C). The overall morbidity rate was 23.3% and the grade III/IV complication rate was 12.3%. The overall mortality rate was 5.5%. The univariate analysis showed that cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy (p = .029), a blood transfusion (p = .002) and the operative time (p = .001) were significant for the occurrence of postoperative complications. Patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer who underwent complete cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy had overall survival rates of 81.3%, 12.5% and 12.5% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. Patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from pseudomyxoma peritonei who underwent complete cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy had overall survival rates of 84.2%, 77.7% and 77.7% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. Conclusion: The combined treatment for peritoneal carcinomatosis may be performed safely with acceptable morbidity and mortality in a specialized unit setting. Although over half of patients underwent normothermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, our results were comparable to results from others centers.

RESUMO Introdução: O objetivo foi avaliar o tratamento combinado da cirurgia citorredutora e quimioterapia intraperitoneal em pacientes com carcinomatose peritoneal secundária ao câncer colorretal, pseudomixoma peritoneal e mesotelioma. Métodos: Foram obtidos dados de 73 pacientes com carcinomatose peritoneal secundária ao cirurgia citorredutora (52.1%), pseudomixoma peritoneal (41,1%) ou mesotelioma (6,8%). Foram avaliados o grau de morbidade, a taxa de mortalidade e as taxas de sobrevida após a cirurgia citorredutora e quimioterapia intraperitoneal. Resultados: 41 (56,2%) pacientes do sexo feminino participaram, com média de idade de 50 anos. 39 pacientes (53,4%) foram submetidos a cirurgia citorredutora completa e quimioterapia intraperitoneal. Todos esses receberam Mitomicina C, sendo 16/39 (41%) quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica (41-42°C). A morbidade global foi 23,3%, com taxa de mortalidade global de 5,5%. A análise univariada mostrou que câncer colorretal e quimioterapia intraperitoneal (p = .029), transfusão sanguínea (p = .002) e tempo operatório (p = .001) foram associados com complicações pós-operatórias. Pacientes com carcinomatose peritoneal secundária ao cirurgia citorredutora submetidos a cirurgia citorredutora completa e quimioterapia intraperitoneal tiveram sobrevida global de 81,3%; 12,5% e 12,5% em 1, 3 e 5 anos, respectivamente. Os pacientes com pseudomixoma peritoneal que foram submetidos a cirurgia citorredutora completa e quimioterapia intraperitoneal tiveram sobrevida global de 84,2%; 77,7% e 77.7% em 1, 3 e 5 anos, respectivamente. Conclusão: O tratamento combinado para carcinomatose peritoneal é seguro quando realizado em centros terciários com experiência no procedimento. Embora mais da metade dos pacientes tenham sido submetidos a quimioterapia intraperitoneal normotérmica após a cirurgia citorredutora completa, os resultados podem ser comparados a de outros centros que utilizam exclusivamente a quimioterapia hipertérmica.

Pseudomyxoma peritonei in a pediatric patient: A case report and literature review / Pseudomixoma peritoneal em paciente pediátrico: relato de caso e revisão de literatura

Summary Introduction: Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare clinical condition, with an incidence of 1-2 cases per million, characterized by the dissemination of mucinous implants on the peritoneal surface and progressive gelatinous ascites. Although it usually presents an indolent behavior, its non-specific clinical presentation contributes to many cases remaining undiagnosed until a laparotomy is performed. With late diagnosis, performed after a long period of clinical deterioration and disease progression, it is common to find complications such as the formation of intestinal fistulas and obstruction. Method: Review of the medical record and search for references in the Medline, Lilacs, SciELO and MD Consult databases. Results: There are rare case reports found in the literature demonstrating atypical PMP presentations. Our report is that of a 17-year-old adolescent with a sporadic tumor diagnosed in a primary site in the transverse colon, contrary to data commonly found in the literature that mention a more frequent occurrence in women in the fifth decade of life and with a primary site in the ovary and appendix. The development of mucinous adenocarcinoma is rare in the pediatric population, and topography in the transverse colon and non-familial sporadic pattern are unusual. Conclusion: The case reported not only raises awareness about the atypical presentations of the disease, but also emphasizes the use of imaging examinations for diagnosis, which has an important impact on prognosis and survival if performed timely.

Resumo Introdução: O pseudomixoma peritoneal (PMP) é uma condição clinica rara, com incidência de 1-2 casos por milhão, caracterizada pela disseminação de implantes de natureza mucinosa pela superfície peritoneal e acúmulo progressivo de ascite gelatinosa. Embora apresente geralmente um comportamento indolente, a apresentação clínica inespecífica contribui para que muitos casos permaneçam sem diagnóstico até a realização de laparotomia. Com o diagnóstico tardio, realizado após um longo período de deterioração clínica e progressão de doença, é comum encontrar complicações, como a formação de fístulas e obstruções intestinais. Método: Revisão do prontuário médico e pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs, SciELO e MD Consult. Resultados: São raros os relatos de caso encontrados na literatura que demonstram apresentações atípicas do PMP. O presente estudo apresenta o caso de um adolescente com 17 anos ao diagnóstico e sítio primário no colón transverso com tumor esporádico, contrário aos dados comumente encontrados na literatura, que referem acometimento mais comum em mulheres na quinta década de vida e com sítio primário em ovário e apêndice. O desenvolvimento de adenocarcinoma mucinoso é raro na população pediátrica e a topografia no cólon transverso e padrão esporádico não familial também são pouco usuais. Conclusão: O caso relatado alerta para as apresentações atípicas da doença e enfatiza o uso de exames de imagem para o diagnóstico, que, se realizado precocemente, impacta de maneira importante o prognóstico e a sobrevida.

Carcinomatose peritoneal em câncer gástrico: diagnóstico, manejo e conduta / Peritoneal carcinomatosis in gastric cancer: diagnosis, management and conduct

Introdução: O câncer gástrico (CG) é a segunda principal causa de morte relacionada a câncer no mundo. A incidência global e os tipos histológicos estão mudando. A incidência dos tumores da transição esofagogástrica e o adenocarcinoma da cárdia estão aumentando, embora tenha havido uma redução da incidência de CG distal desde a década de 1970. Grande parte dos pacientes apresenta-se com doença localmente avançada ou metastática. A carcinomatose peritoneal (CP) de origem gástrica tem um prognóstico desfavorável e uma sobrevida curta devido à ausência de modalidades terapêuticas efetivas. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura nas bases de busca PubMed, Scielo e Embase, sendo selecionados os artigos mais relevantes a fim de organizar uma revisão concisa e atualizada do assunto. Resultados: O prognóstico do CG depende de estágio e localização. A disseminação metastática pode ser hematogênica ou por disseminação para a cavidade peritoneal. Estudos recentes mostram que a disseminação peritoneal é mais frequente do que metástases hematogênicas. Apesar de ser a causa de 60% das mortes no câncer gástrico, a metástase peritoneal pode ser considerada uma doença local, e uma abordagem multimodal pode melhorar o prognóstico, mesmo se tratando de uma doença avançada. Na falta de tratamento curativo, a quimioterapia sistêmica pode ser considerada uma opção, ainda que seja de valor limitado para pacientes com CG e CP. Atualmente, a quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica (HIPEC) está sendo muito estudada e debatida no tratamento das doenças da superfície peritoneal. Conclusão: Dado o mau prognóstico, o custo-benefício dos regimes quimioterápicos atuais permanece questionável. Pesquisas adicionais devem ser realizadas para otimizar terapia.

Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. The overall incidence and histological subtypes is changing. The incidence of esophagogastric transitional tumor and cardia adenocarcinoma is increasing, although there has been a reduction in the incidence of distal GC since the 1970s. Majority of patients present with locally advanced or metastatic disease. Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) of gastric origin has an unfavorable prognosis and short survival due to the lack of effective therapeutic modalities. Methods: A review of the literature was carried out in PubMed, Scielo and Embase, and the most relevant articles were selected in order to organize a concise and updated review of the subject. Results: The prognosis of GC depends on stage and location. Metastatic dissemination may be hematogenic or disseminated into the peritoneal cavity. Recent studies show that peritoneal dissemination is more frequent than hematogenous metastases. Although it is the cause of 60% of deaths in gastric cancer, peritoneal metastasis can be considered a local disease, and a multimodal approach may improve the prognosis, even if it is a terminal disease. In the absence of curative treatment, systemic chemotherapy may be considered an option, although it is of limited value for patients with GC and PC. Currently, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is the most widely accepted treatment for peritoneal diseases. Conclusion: Given the poor prognosis, the cost-effectiveness of current chemotherapy regimens remains questionable. Additional research should be done to optimize therapy.

Mujer joven con hepatocarcinoma fibrolamelar metastásico; citorreducción y HIPEC: a propósito de un caso / Young woman with metastatic fibrolamellar hepatocarcinoma; cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC: a case report

Objetivo: Reportar un caso clínico de hepatocarcinoma fibrolamelar metastásico y su manejo multidisciplinario. Caso clínico: Paciente de 24 años de edad con dolor abdominal, distensión abdominal y fiebre. Se le realizó tomografía computarizada de abdomen donde se encontró tumoración hepática irregular. Se realizó laparotomía con evidencia de múltiples implantes en cavidad abdominal y se diagnosticó mediante estudio histopatológico hepatocarcinoma fibrolamelar metastásico. Se decidió realizar citorreducción más quimioterapia hipertérmica intraperitoneal (HIPEC). La sobrevida de la paciente fue de 11 meses. Discusión: El hepatocarcinoma fibrolamelar es un tumor raro. Aún no hay consenso sobre el mejor tratamiento en pacientes con metástasis que tengan buena funcionalidad. El manejo actual se basa en la quimioterapia sistémica y la resección quirúrgica en casos localizados. En el caso de nuestra paciente, la cirugía citorreductora más HIPEC se realizó con la intención de mejorar la supervivencia. Se necesita más evidencia para definir esta estrategia como tratamiento estándar.

Aim: To report a clinical case of metastatic fibrolamellar hepatocarcinoma and its multidisciplinary management. Case report: 24 year-old patient with abdominal pain, bloating and fever. A computed tomography of the abdomen was performed; an irregular hepatic tumor was found. A laparotomy was performed with evidence of multiple implants in the abdominal cavity and the histopathology report was metastatic fibrolamellar hepatocarcinoma. It was decided to perform cytoreductive surgery plus HIPEC. The patient's survival was 11 months. Discussion: Fibrolamellar hepatocarcinoma is a rare tumor. There is still no consensus on the treatment of choice in patients with metastases with good functionality status. Current management is based on systemic chemotherapy and surgical resection in localized cases. In the case of our patient, cytoreductive surgery plus HIPEC was performed with the intention of improving survival. More evidence is needed to define this strategy as standard treatment.

A proposal of Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology (BSSO/SBCO) for standardizing cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) procedures in Brazil: pseudomixoma peritonei, appendiceal tumors and malignant peritoneal mesothelioma / Proposta de padronização da Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Oncológica (BSSO/SBCO) para procedimentos de citorredução cirúrgica (CRS) e quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica (HIPEC) no Brasil: pseudomixoma peritoneal, tumores do apêndice cecal e mesotelioma peritoneal maligno

ABSTRACT Cytoreductive surgery plus hypertermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy has emerged as a major comprehensive treatment of peritoneal malignancies and is currently the standard of care for appendiceal epithelial neoplasms and pseudomyxoma peritonei syndrome as well as malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. Unfortunately, there are some worldwide variations of the cytoreductive surgery and hypertermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy techniques since no single technique has so far demonstrated its superiority over the others. Therefore, standardization of practices might enhance better comparisons between outcomes. In these settings, the Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology considered it important to present a proposal for standardizing cytoreductive surgery plus hypertermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy procedures in Brazil, with a special focus on producing homogeneous data for the developing Brazilian register for peritoneal surface malignancies.

RESUMO A cirurgia citorredutora com quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica emergiu como um importante tratamento das neoplasias peritoneais e é, atualmente, o padrão de atendimento para neoplasias epiteliais do apêndice associadas à síndrome de pseudomixoma peritoneal, bem como para o mesotelioma peritoneal maligno difuso. No mundo, existem algumas variações reconhecidas das técnicas de cirurgia citorredutora e quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica, entretanto nenhuma técnica até agora demonstrou sua superioridade sobre o outra. Portanto, a padronização destes procedimentos poderia melhorar a prática clínica e permitir a comparação adequada entre os resultados. Neste cenário, a Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Oncológica considera importante a apresentação de uma proposta de padronização de procedimentos de cirurgia citorredutora com quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica no Brasil, com um foco especial na produção de dados homogêneos para o desenvolvimento do registro brasileiro das neoplasias peritoneais.

Exploring flow rate selection in HIPEC procedures / Explorando parâmetros de fluxo em procedimentos de HIPEC

ABSTRACT Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has emerged as a main comprehensive treatment of peritoneal malignancies. However, current data on the literature are very heterogeneous in terms of its technical particularities, which require some efforts to standardization of practices. In these setting, we present some early data from a pioneering clinical trial in Brazil (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02249013) to explore the dynamic relationships between flow rates and temperature parameters in the first cases of our study, which may help in selecting better technical parameters during HIPEC procedures.

RESUMO Cirurgia citorredutora avançada e quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica (i.e.: HIPEC, sigla em inglês) têm se consagrado como promissora abordagem terapêutica multidisciplinar para neoplasias malignas peritoneais. Contudo, dados da literatura corrente são muito heterogêneos em torno de muitos de seus aspectos técnicos, o que demanda algum esforço na busca por padronizações do procedimento. Neste sentido, são apresentados dados de um ensaio clínico pioneiro no Brasil (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02249013), relacionando parâmetros dinâmicos de taxas de fluxo e temperaturas de perfusão nos primeiros casos do estudo, o que pode ajudar na seleção de melhores parâmetros técnicos para procedimentos de HIPEC.

Carcinomatosis peritoneal secundaria a adenocarcinoma de células en anillo de sello del colon: a proposito de un caso / Periotoneal carcinomatosis secondary to signet ring cell colon carcinoma: a case-report

La carcinomatosis peritoneal (CP) secundaria a adenocarcinoma de colon es una metástasis al peritoneo poco frecuente e indicativa de mal pronóstico. Se reporta el caso de un varón de 26 años con diagnóstico de tuberculosis (TBC) enteroperitoneal y con tratamiento esquema sensible para TBC extrapulmonar. Tenía un tiempo de enfermedad de un mes caracterizado por dolor abdominal, náuseas, vómitos y constipación. Fue catalogado como "abdomen congelado" y se le realizó laparotomía exploratoria encontrándose nódulos blanquecinos en peritoneo como "granos de mijo". Fue hospitalizado con diagnóstico sindrómico de obstrucción intestinal y con diagnóstico probables de TBC miliar peritoneal vs linfoma no Hodgkin enteroperitoneal. El estudio anátomo-patológico de la biopsia peritoneal y colónica fue carcinomatosis peritoneal secundaria a adenocarcinoma de células en anillo de sello de colon...

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) secondary to colonic adenocarcinoma is an infrequent condition usually associated with poor prognosis. We report the case of 26-year old male patient diagnosed of entero-peritoneal tuberculosis treated with a standard regimen for drug-sensitive tuberculosis. The patient had one month of illness characterized by abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and constipation. A diagnosis of "frozen abdomen" was made and a laparotomy was performed finding white nodules mimicking "milliary seeds". The patient was admitted with a presumed diagnosis of tuberculosis or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The biopsy revealed PC secondary to signet ring cell colon carcinoma...

Initial experience with hyperthermic intra peritoneal chemotherapy and cytoreductivesurgery.

BACKGROUND: Promising results were reported with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in peritoneal carcinomatosis. Experiences in India are not published. This is a preliminary report. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From eight patients with peritoneal metastasis, six patients (5 M, 1 F), aged (40‑62 years) were treated with CRS and HIPEC between May 2010 and August 2011 from a single institution. Three had Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of Appendix and one each with Mesothelioma, Ovarian Cancer and Colonic Cancer. Four were earlier treated with systemic chemotherapy and recurred. Pre‑operative peritoneal cancer index (PCI) was calculated based on recent computerized tomography or positron emission tomography scans. Surgical completeness cytoreduction score (CCS) was classified as macroscopically complete (CCS‑0); optimal residual disease ≤2.5 mm in any region (CCS‑1); or grossly incomplete: Residual disease >2.5 mm (CCS‑2) or >25 mm (CCS‑3). They were treated by closed perfusion technique with mitomycin‑C (MCC) and cisplatin at 41‑42°C, for 60 min. RESULTS: Optimal cytoreduction (residual tumor nodules <2.5 mm i.e. CC0 and CC1) was performed in four patients (66.67%). There was no operative mortality or Grade 3 and 4 toxicity. Patients with PCI <11 are alive without recurrence with overall survival of 26‑31 months. Those with PCI >11 had recurrence with overall survival of 3‑19 months. Two patients died at 3 and 9 months. CONCLUSION: CRS and HIPEC is a promising therapeutic option in selected patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. These results in six patients are preliminary but encouraging. Patient with low PCI had better disease free survival.

Progression of peritoneal adenomucinosis to the scrotum: a rare occurrence treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic chemoperfusion of the scrotum in two patients / Progresión de adenomucinosis peritoneal en el escroto de dos pacientes y tratamiento con cirugía citorreductora y quimioperfusión hipertérmica

Introduction: Disseminated Peritoneal Adenomucinosis (DPAM) is an infrequent presentation of appendiceal cancer. Infrequently, umbilical or inguinal hernias could be the first clinical manifestation of this condition; DPAM extension to the scrotum may be anatomically viable. Treatment with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is the standard of treatment for DPAM. We hypothesize that these same treatment principles, consisting of CRS with hyperthermic chemoperfusion of the scrotum (HCS), could be applied to the scrotal dissemination of DPAM. Methods: We reviewed our Institution's prospective cancer database and identified two cases of DPAM with extension to the scrotum. Their medical records were examined, and close follow-up was performed. Tumor histopathology and cytoreduction scores were evaluated. Tumor progression was monitored on follow-up by physical examination, tumor markers (CEA, CA 125, CA 19.9) and abdomino-pelvic CT scan. Results: Two patients who previously had CRS/ HIPEC for DPAM were successfully treated with HSC. Both patients are alive and free of disease at 88 and 57 months following initial CRS/HIPEC, and 50 and 32 months following CRS/HCS, respectively. Conclusion: Increased awareness by surgeons to the coexistence of inguinal hernia with peritoneal neoplasm and the need for a surgical repair is raised. CRS/HCS may be employed to treat patients with DPAM extension to the scrotum. Successful outcome is dependent on complete cytoreduction of metastatic tumor.

Introducción: La Adenomucinosis Peritoneal Diseminada (DPAM, por el término en inglés) es una presentación no frecuente del cáncer de apéndice. Infrecuentemente, las hernias umbilicales o inguinales pueden ser la primera manifestación clínica de esta condición; la extensión al escroto puede ser anatómicamente viable. La cirugía citoreductiva (CRS, por el término en inglés) con quimioterapia hipertérmica intraperitoneal (HIPEC, por el término en inglés) es el tratamiento estándar para DPAM. Nuestra hipótesis es que los mismos principios terapéuticos, consistentes en CRS con quimioterapia hipertérmica del escroto (HCS, por el término en inglés), pueden ser aplicados para DPAM con extensión al escroto. Métodos: Revisamos una base de datos prospectiva en nuestra Institución donde se identificaron dos casos de DPAM con extensión al escroto. Se examinaron sus historias clínicas, y se realizaron controles cercanos. La histopatología tumoral y la citoreducción fueron evaluados. La progresión tumoral fue monitorizada en los controles mediante examen físico, marcadores tumorales (CEA, CA 125, CA 19.9) y TAC abdomino-pélvico. Resultados: Dos pacientes a quienes se les practicó previamente CRS/HIPEC por DPAM fueron exitosamente tratados con CRS/HSC. Ambos pacientes se encuentran vivos y sin evidencia de enfermedad 88 y 57 meses después de la CRS/HIPEC inicial y a 50 y 32 meses post CRS/HCS, respectivamente. Conclusión: La precaución de los cirujanos sobre la coexistencia de hernias inguinales con neoplasias peritoneales y la necesidad de reparo quirúrgico debe ser incrementada. La CRS/HCS puede ser empleada en el tratamiento a pacientes con DPAM con extensión al escroto. Los resultados clínicos son dependientes de una citoreducción completa del tumor metastásico.

Mesotelioma maligno difuso primario de peritoneo / Primary diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma

El mesotelioma peritoneal maligno es una neoplasia de presentación infrecuente, de curso insidioso, sintomática y de presentación poco específica en fase avanzada, de difícil diagnóstico y alta letalidad. Es la neoplasia más común de la serosa peritoneal, ocupando el segundo lugar de localización de los mesoteliomas, después del mesotelioma pleural. Es más frecuente en hombres, en mayores de 60 años y se ha relacionado en un 80% a la exposición crónica al asbesto. Generalmente su primera manifestación es ascitis, que se acompaña de dolor abdominal, astenia, hiporexia y pérdida de peso. Se puede diagnosticar a través del estudio histológico e inmunohistoquímico de líquido ascítico, biopsia peritoneal, y como métodos complementarios, TC de Abdomen y CT-PET. Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 70 años de edad, con antecedente de adenocarcinoma prostático tratado con radioterapia y bloqueo hormonal, en remisión, Cardiopatía Isquémica e Hipertensiva en condición post-Bypass coronario, quien consulta por disnea, ascitis, hiporexia, astenia, con evidencia de líquido ascítico hemorrágico y GASA de bajo gradiente.

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is an infrequent neoplasm, of insidious course, symptomatic presentation and usually is diagnosed at an advanced stage diagnosis. It is the most common malignancy of the peritoneum and the the second location of mesothelioma, preceded by pleural mesothelioma. It is more common in men older than 60 year sand has been linked in 80% to chronic exposure to asbestos. Usually ascites, abdominal pain, fatigue, decreased appetite and weight loss are the first signs. It can be diagnosed through histological and immunohistochemical study of ascitic fluid, peritoneal biopsy, abdominal CT and CT-PET. We report the case of a male patient. 70 years with a history of heart disease and prostatic carcinoma treated with radiotherapy and immunosupressive therapy, who consults with dyspnea, ascites, hyporexia, fatigue and evidence of hemorrhagic ascites.

Multimodal treatment of peritoneal malignancies: results of the implantation in a tertiary hospital

INTRODUCTION: Peritoneal carcinomatosis is a condition that may be present in the natural history of colorectal cancer and some other tumors, such as pseudomyxoma peritonei. It has been associated with poor prognosis. The treatment for patients with this condition, up until recently, was systemic chemotherapy or palliative care to relieve the pain and suffering caused by peritoneal dissemination of certain cancers. Promising results, however, have been reported after the implementation of radical cytoreductive surgery followed by peroperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of cytoreductive surgery and peroperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis secondary to colorectal cancer and pseudomyxoma peritonei. RESULTS: We retrospectively evaluated 24 patients from 2004 to 2011. Mean age was 51.31 years, and 54% were female. The primary diagnosis in 50.01% of the cases was pseudomyxoma peritonei, 41.66%, of colon cancer, and 8.33%, of mesothelioma. The overall complication rate was around 83%, two patients (8%) subsequently died between the 8th and 30th postoperative day. There was an association between the peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI) and operative time. The one-year survival rate in the group examined was 60% for colon cancer, and 78.5% for pseudomyxoma. Overall survival was 50% in three years. CONCLUSION: cytoreductive surgery combined with HIPEC is a treatment option for patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin and pseudomyxoma. Despite the high rate of peroperative complications (83%), it was possible to achieve a superior survival rate in relation to conventional treatments reported in the literature. (AU)

INTRODUÇÃO: A carcinomatose peritoneal é uma condição que pode estar presente na história natural do câncer colorretal e de algumas outras neoplasias, como o pseudomixoma peritoneal, sendo associada com um prognóstico desfavorável. O tratamento oferecido aos pacientes portadores dessa condição, até recentemente, era a quimioterapia sistêmica ou apenas os cuidados paliativos para aliviar a dor e o sofrimento causados pela disseminação peritoneal de determinadas neoplasias. Resultados promissores, no entanto, têm sido relatados após a implementação da cirurgia citorredutora radical, seguida da quimioterapia hipertérmica intraperitoneal per-operatória. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados da cirurgia citorredutora e da quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica per-operatória (HIPEC) em pacientes portadores da carcinomatose peritoneal, secundária ao câncer colorretal e ao pseudomixoma peritoneal. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados, retrospectivamente, 24 pacientes de 2004 a 2011. A idade média foi de 51,31 anos, 54% eram do sexo feminino. O diagnóstico primário em 50,01% dos casos foi de pseudomixoma peritoneal, 41,66% de câncer de cólon e 8,33% de mesotelioma. A taxa de complicação global girou em torno de 83%, sendo que dois pacientes (8%) evoluíram para o óbito no pós-operatório, entre 8 e 30 dias. Houve associação entre o índice de carcinomatose peritoneal (PCI) e o tempo operatório. A sobrevida em um ano, no grupo analisado, foi de 60% para o câncer de cólon e de 78,5% para o pseudomixoma. A sobrevida global foi de 50% em 3 anos CONCLUSÃO: A cirurgia citorredutora combinada com a HIPEC é uma opção de tratamento para pacientes com carcinomatose peritoneal originária de câncer colorretal e de pseudomixoma. A despeito de uma alta taxa de complicação per-operatória (83%) foi possível alcançar uma sobrevida superior a do tratamento convencional relatado na literatura. (AU)

Malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast metastasizing to the peritoneal cavity

A fifty-three year old Bahraini female presented with painless rapidly growing mass in the right breast of 3 months duration; no nipple discharge was found. Family history was positive for breast carcinoma in situ in her sister. Lumpectomy was performed. Histopathology proved to be phyllodes tumor; therefore, mastectomy was performed to avoid local recurrence. The patient received local radiation to the mastectomy scar. Four months after the initial surgery, she developed a nodule in the mastectomy scar, left breast lump in the upper outer quadrant and intra-abdominal mass. A fine needle aspiration of the mass in the left breast showed spindle cells with focal atypia and a necrotic background. True-cut biopsy of the intra-abdominal mass showed the metastatic stromal component of the malignant phyllodes tumor with malignant spindle cells. The patient condition worsened, developed bilateral pleural effusions. Adriamycin chemotherapy was planned, but the disease was aggressive enough to end her life within weeks

Anestesia para peritonectomia com quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica transoperatória: relato de caso / Anesthesia for peritonectomy with hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy: case report / Anestesia para peritonectomía con quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica transoperatória: relato de caso

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O pseudomixoma peritoneal é uma condição rara, relacionada com neoplasias epiteliais de apêndice e ovário. O tratamento de escolha é a citorredução cirúrgica, peritonectomia e quimioterapia intra-abdominal hipertérmica transoperatória (QIAHT). Cabe ao anestesiologista a manutenção de normovolemia, normotermia, manejo da dor pós-operatória e do estado de coagulação. O objetivo foi descrever um caso de peritonectomia com QIAHT. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 37 anos, ASA I, apendicectomia há 3 meses, com laudo anatomopatológico de cistoadenoma mucinoso. Após revisão da peça, evidenciou-se pseudomixoma peritoneal, com indicação de peritonectomia com QIAHT. Instalou-se cateter peridural (T11-T12), dose-teste e morfina. Procedeu-se à indução anestésica com remifentanil 0,4 µg.kg-1.min-1, propofol e rocurônio, além de intubação orotraqueal em sequência rápida. A manutenção foi realizada com remifentanil, sevoflurano e rocurônio, conforme o TOF. Ropivacaína 50 mg e fentanil 100 µg em 10 mL foram administrados via cateter peridural 10 minutos antes da incisão. Durante toda a cirurgia, PVC, SpO2, FeCO2, temperatura, frequência cardíaca, PAM e diurese mantiveram-se em valores estáveis dentro da normalidade, inclusive no período da QIAHT. Redução no hematócrito e SvO2, alargamento do TAP e plaquetopenia foram corrigidos com a administração de hemocomponentes. Após 13 horas de cirurgia, a paciente foi admitida na UTI em ventilação controlada. Foi extubada no 1º dia de pós-operatório, recebendo alta hospitalar no 17º dia de internamento. CONCLUSÕES: A citorredução cirúrgica e a peritonectomia com QIAHT surgiram na década de 1990, com diversos estudos revelando aumento significativo da sobrevida. Pela complexidade do procedimento e grande porte cirúrgico, é fundamental a vigilância do anestesiologista para a manutenção dos parâmetros clínicos, laboratoriais, reconhecimento e tratamento de qualquer alteração.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pseudomyxoma peritonei is a rare condition related to epithelial neoplasia of the appendix and ovaries. Surgical cytoreduction, peritonectomy, and hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is the treatment of choice. Maintenance of normovolemia, normothermia, postoperative pain management and coagulation status are all responsibility of the anesthesiologist. The objective of this report was to describe a case of peritonectomy with HIPEC. CASE REPORT: This is a 37 year-old female, ASA I, with a history of appendectomy 3 months ago with an anatomopathological report of mucinous cystoadenoma. After review of the pathological sample, a pseudomyxoma peritonei was diagnosed with indication of peritonectomy with HIPEC. An epidural catheter (T11-T12) was placed and a test-dose, as well as morphine, was administered. Anesthesia was induced with remifentanil, 0.4 µg.kg-1.min-1, propofol, and rocuronium, besides rapid-sequence orotracheal intubation. Remifentanil, sevoflurane, and rocuronium were used for anesthesia maintenance according to the TOF. Ropivacaine 50 mg, and fentanyl 10 µg. in 10 mL were administered through the epidural catheter 10 minutes before incision. During the surgery, CVP, SpO2, FeCO2, temperature, heart rate, MAP, and urine output maintained stable levels within normal limits, including during HIPEC. Reduction of the hematocrit and SvO2, increased PT, and thrombocytopenia were corrected by administering blood products. After 13 hours of surgery, the patient was admitted to the ICU under controlled ventilation. She was extubated on the 1st postoperative day, being discharged from the hospital on the 17th day of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical cytoreduction and peritonectomy with HIPEC goes back to the decade of 1990 with several studies showing a significant increase in survival. Due to the complexity of the procedure and large surgery the vigilance of the anesthesiologist ...

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El seudomixoma peritoneal es una condición rara, relacionada con neoplasias epiteliales de apéndice y ovario. El tratamiento de elección es la citorreducción quirúrgica, peritonectomía y quimioterapia intraabdominal hipertérmica transoperatoria (QIAHT). Le concierne al anestesiólogo mantener la normovolemia, normotermia, el manejo del dolor postoperatorio y el estado de coagulación. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir un caso de peritonectomía con QIAHT. RELATO DEL CASO: Paciente femenina, 37 años, ASA I, con apendicectomía hace 3 meses, con laudo anatomopatológico de cistoadenoma mucinoso. Después de revisada la pieza, quedó evidenciado el seudomixoma peritoneal, con una indicación de peritonectomía con QIAHT. Se instaló un catéter epidural (T11-T12), dosis de test y morfina. Se procedió entonces a la inducción anestésica con remifentanil 0,4 µg.kg-1.min-1, propofol y rocuronio, además de intubación orotraqueal en secuencia rápida. El mantenimiento se hizo con remifentanil, sevoflurano y rocuronio, conforme al TOF. Fueron administrados vía catéter epidural 10 minutos antes de la incisión ropivacaína 50 mg y fentanil 100 µg en 10 mL. Durante toda la cirugía, PVC, SpO2, FeCO2, la temperatura, frecuencia cardíaca, PAM y diuresis mantuvieron valores estables dentro de la normalidad, inclusive en el período de la QIAHT. Reducción en el hematocrito y SvO2, el ensanchamiento del TAP y la plaquetopenia fueron corregidos con la administración de hemocomponentes. Después de 13 horas de cirugía, la paciente fue admitida en la UCI en ventilación controlada. Se extubó el 1º día del postoperatorio, con alta al 17º día del ingreso. CONCLUSIONES: La citorreducción quirúrgica y la peritonectomía con QIAHT surgieron en la década de 1990, con diversos estudios revelando el aumento significativo de la sobrevida. En función de la complejidad del procedimiento y de la gran demanda quirúrgica, es fundamental que el anestesista ...

Estudo da morbimortalidade cirúrgica, da sobrevida e dos fatores prognósticos de sarcomas primários do retroperitônio

Tendo como objetivo avaliar a morbimortalidade, sobrevida e os fatores prognósticos dos sarcomas primários do retroperitônio, analisamos retrospectivamente 59 prontuários de pacientes operados na Seção de Cirurgia Abdomino-Pélvica do Instituto Nacional de Câncer no período de junho de 1992 a julho de 2003. Vinte e três pacientes eram homens e 36 mulheres; 38 brancos, 6 negros e 15 pardos, com idade mediana de 50 anos (6-72). História familiar de câncer esteve presente em 21 casos (35,59%). As queixas mais comuns foram dor abdominal (31 pac.) e massa abdominal (17 pac.). TC foi o principal exame realizado para o diagnóstico (53 pac.). A taxa de ressecabilidade foi de 74,57% (44 pac.) e a de radicalidade entre os ressecados de 48,88% (22 pac.). Houve 2 óbitos pós-operatórios (3,38%) e 12 complicações pós-operatórias (20,33%). Os leiomiossarcomas (16 pac.) e os lipossarcomas (15 pac.) foram os mais incidentes. O grau de diferenciação tumoral mais freqüente foi o G3 (23 pac. [38,98%]) e o diâmetro tumoral médio, de 20,4 cm. A re-ressecção no total de ressecados (45 pac.) aconteceu em 21 pacientes (46,66%), sendo única em 16, dupla em 3 e tripla em 2 pacientes. Em 10 dos 21 pacientes, a re-ressecção foi radical. A sobrevida global foi de 49% em 2 anos e 20% em 5 anos, e a mediana de sobrevida livre de doença foi de 23 meses. A análise univariada, o diâmetro do tumor (> ou <= 12 cm), o grau de diferenciação tumoral ([Gl + G2] X [G3 + G4]), a ressecção radical (R0) ou paliativa (R1+R2) a hemotranfusão no ato operatório e a re-ressecção, mesmo que paliativa, nos casos de recidiva ou persistência de doença (n = 52), foram significativos para sobrevida (p = 0,0267, 0,048, 0,0001, 0,022 e 0,0003, respectivamente). Na análise multivariada, não houve fator independente. Essas análises sugerem que, no momento, somente o diagnóstico precoce, a cirurgia radical R0, a ausência de hemotransfusão intra-operatória e a re-ressecção nos casos de recidiva ou persistência de doença possibilitarão a sobrevida a longo prazo

To evaluate the morbjmortality, survival and the prognostics factors of the retroperitonial sarcomas, we analyzed retrospectively 59 records of patients operated by the Abdomino-pelvic Department of Surgery at the National Cancer Institute of Brazil in the period between June 1992 and July 2003. Twenty three were men and 36 women, 38 white, 6 black and 15 mixed. Mean age was 50 years old (6-72). Family history of cancer was present in 21 cases (35.59%). The most common complaints were abdominal pain (31 pts) and abdominal mass (17 pts). TC was the main exam for diagnosis (53 pats). Resectability rate was 76.27% (45 pts), andradicality 48.88% (22pts). There were 2 postoperative deaths (3.38%). There were 8 technical complications (13.55%), besides 4 clinical complications (6.77%). Liposarcomas (16 pts) and the leiomyosarcomas (15 pts) were the most common types. The most frequent tumor grade was G3 (3 pts [38.98%J) and the tumor median diameter was 20.4 cm. Re-resection rate was (46.66%), being single in 16, double in 3 and triple in 2 patient. The overall survival rate was 49% for 2 years and 20% for 5 years and the median disease free survival was 23 months. In the univariate analysis, the diameter of the tumor (> or <= 12 em), grade of tumor differentiation ([G1 + G2] X [G3 + G4J), radical R0) or palliative resection(R1+R2), operative blood transfusion, and re-resection, even if palliative, in the cases of recurrence or persistence of disease (n=52) were significant (p = 0.0267, 0.048, 0.0001, 0.022 and 0.0003, respectively). Multivariate analysis did not show any independent factor. These analyses suggest that, in the moment, only early diagnosis, radical surgery, absence of intra-operative blood transfusion and the re-resection in cases of recurrence or persistence of disease will provide greater chances of a long term survival